Vol. 8, Issue 4, Part A (2025)

Background: Urinary bladder carcinomas are among the most common genitourinary malignancies in India, with urothelial carcinoma accounting for the majority of cases. Despite advances in non-invasive imaging, diagnosis and management still rely on physical examination, cystoscopy, and histopathology. Examination of biopsy and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) specimens remains the cornerstone of diagnosis. Accurate histopathological typing, grading, and assessment of invasion are essential for prognosis and management.
Methods: A total of 78 cases of urinary bladder carcinomas of patients admitted in civil hospital, Ahmedabad during the period from January-2023 to July-2025 were studied in histopathology department. The specimens were processed as per routine paraffin method. Sections stained with H&E were examined for histopathological diagnosis and reported following CAP protocol.
Result: Of the 78 cases, urothelial carcinoma was the predominant histological type, comprising both non-invasive and invasive types. Invasive urothelial carcinoma was identified in 66.6%, with high-grade tumors more frequent. Males were more commonly affected (82%) than females (18%), yielding a male-to-female ratio of 4.6:1. The peak incidence was noted in the 61-70 years age group, followed by 51-60 years. Depth of invasion could be assessed in all cases, with detrusor muscle involvement observed in 57.1% cases of invasive urothelial carcinoma.
Conclusion: Histopathological examination is essential for accurately diagnosing bladder carcinomas and guiding treatment. Urothelial carcinoma often shows muscle invasion, highlighting the need to include muscle in biopsies. A multidisciplinary approach ensures early detection, appropriate therapy, and improved patient outcomes.