Vol. 7, Issue 3, Part E (2024)

Background: Endometrial cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer worldwide. Expression of Wilms Tumor protein-1 (WT-1) protein in endometroid endometrial carcinoma might aid in more accurate diagnosis, reclassification of misidentified subtypes, provide prognostic information, and potentially offer new therapeutic targets for immunotherapy.

Aim of the study: To study the expression of Wilms Tumor 1 protein in cases of endometrioid type of endometrial carcinoma, and to study the correlation between Wilms Tumor 1 protein expression and patients’ age, endometrial cancer grade and stage.

Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study done at The Medical City Teaching Complex/ Teaching Laboratories enrolling 50 patients’ records, from the first of March 2023 until the end of September 2023. Immune histochemistry staining for the slides with highest percentage of tumor cells was carried out to identify the positivity for WT-1 in cases of endometroid endometrial carcinoma.

Results: The mean age of cases was 60.18±10.2 years. There were no statistically significant association between age and grading nor age and staging. WT-1 positivity revealed that 38(76%) of cases had negative WT-1 protein, five (10%) cases had weakly positive WT1 expression, four (8%) cases had moderately positive WT-1 expression, and three (6%) cases had strongly positive WT1 expression. There was a statically significant association between higher tumor grades and stages with positive WT-1 protein expression, as there were 7(58.3%) with grade III, and all cases with stage 3, 3a, and 4 had positive WT-1 protein expression.

Conclusion: WT1 protein expression can be seen in endometroid endometrial carcinoma, and cannot be used to differentiate it from the serous type. WT1 protein expression is associated with worse grade and stage, deeper myometrium, lower uterine segment, and cervical invasions.