Vol. 7, Issue 3, Part D (2024)

Introduction: Gall bladder (GB) diseases comprise one of the most common digestive system diseases. The histopathological patterns represent a spectrum, ranging from cholecystitis to gallbladder carcinoma. Cholecystectomy is one of the most frequently performed emergency surgery as the gallstones are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Clinical diagnosis of the gall bladder diseases is made, based on physical examination and history along with radiological and laboratory findings. However, histopathological examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis. Histopathological examination reveals an unusual diagnosis bearing significant implications on the treatment, prognosis and outcome of the patient.

Aim and Objectives: The objective of this study was to observe the histopathological spectrum of gallbladder diseases, to evaluate age and sex wise distribution of gallbladder diseases and to compare results with other studies.

Materials and Methods: An observational study was carried out from January 2023 to December 2023 at Narendra Modi Medical College and Sheth L.G. General Hospital, Maninagar, Ahmedabad. Histopathological records of 380 gallbladder specimens obtained from cholecystectomy were analysed. Tissues received in 10% formalin from various clinical departments, were processed and studied under hematoxylin and eosin stain.

Observation and Results: Out of 380 cases, 300 were females and 80 were males. The most common histopathological diagnosis was chronic calculous cholecystitis (n=306, 80.5%), followed by chronic cholecystitis (n=50, 13.16%), acute cholecystitis (n=10, 2.63%) and acute on chronic cholecystitis (n=8, 2.10%). Adenocarcinoma of gallbladder constitutes least number of cases (n=6, 1.58%).

Conclusion: Clinical presentation of diseases of gall bladder is uncertain. Routine histopathological examinations of resected gallbladder specimens are important to identify premalignant or malignant lesions.