Vol. 7, Issue 3, Part C (2024)

Background: Prostate Specific Antigen Density (PSAD) calculation has been recommended as a more accurate and reliable method for differentiating benign and malignant lesions. The present study is undertaken to determine the PSA and PSAD levels in patients of BPH and carcinoma prostate, and to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of PSAD in the diagnosis of carcinoma prostate and in differentiating from those of BPH and also to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of PSAD in diagnosis of carcinoma of prostrate.

Method: A study including 100 patients was undertaken in department of pathology, B J Medical College and Civil hospital, Ahmedabad. This study was conducted on 100 transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and prostate needle core biopsy specimens obtained from patients presenting with complaints of enlargement of prostate in department of urosurgery and general surgery, B J Medical college and civil hospital, Ahmedabad. Prostatic volume was measured by transabdominal ultrasonography or MP-MRI prostate study.

Results: In the present study maximum incidence of BPH and CaP manifested in the age group of 61-70 (i.e., 35.18%) and Ca prostate were in age group of 71-80 (i.e., 50%). The maximum number of patients with BPH were having PSA values between 3-10 ng/ml and PSAD value<0.15 ng/ml/cc, where as in CaP the value of PSA varied between 10-20 ng/ml and PSAD value>0.15 ng/ml/cc. Accuracy of PSAD in diagnosing benign prostatic diseases: sensitivity: 93.15%, specificity: 85.18%, predictive value of positive test: 94.44%, predictive value of negative test: 82.14%, overall accuracy: 89.16%. Accuracy of PSAD in diagnosing malignant prostatic diseases: sensitivity: 85.18%, specificity: 93.15%, predictive value of positive test: 82.14%, predictive value of negative test: 94.44%, overall accuracy: 89.16%

Conclusion: PSAD offers a simple, readily acceptable, objective and economical approach to the detection and diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma and thereby mortality due to prostatic malignancy is reduced.