Vol. 7, Issue 3, Part B (2024)

Introduction: Pigmentary disorders are a common reason for dermatologic consultations in India, significantly impacting psychological well-being. These conditions vary due to factors like age, sex, systemic disorders, and economic status. While many are benign, some require medical intervention. Clinical evaluation usually suffices, but diagnostic procedures and histopathological analysis are crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Materials and Methodology: This study aimed to characterize the histopathological spectrum of pigmented skin lesions at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India. Conducted over one year from January to December 2023, it involved a prospective observational design with 60 participants. Skin biopsies from patients of all ages, collected at the Department of Skin and Venereal diseases, were examined. Biopsy samples were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological evaluation. The inclusion criteria encompassed all pigmented skin lesions, while inadequate samples and non-pigmented lesions were excluded.

Results: Results showed a diverse demographic with the majority of participants (38.33%) aged 21-40 years and a male predominance (65%). Pigmented lesions were most commonly located on extremities (30%) and face (28.33%). The most frequent clinical diagnoses included nevi (21.66%), basal cell carcinoma (15%), and verruca vulgaris (11.66%). Histopathological findings revealed melanocytic nevi as the most common diagnosis (21.66%), followed by verruca vulgaris (13.33%) and pigmented basal cell carcinoma (10%).

Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of histopathological examination in diagnosing and managing pigmented skin lesions, demonstrating a significant clinicopathological correlation (73.33%). It emphasizes the need for thorough clinical and pathological collaboration to optimize patient care.