Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part B (2024)

Background: The most prevalent thyroid cancer is papillary. PTC's nuclear features are the major diagnostic sign. Due to their localised presence in other thyroid lesions, diagnosis is difficult.

The idea is to use CD56 and CK19 (cytokeratin 19) immunohistochemical markers to identify thyroid cancer from similar thyroid lesions. The study aims to determine if CD56 and CK19 immunostains can distinguish papillary thyroid carcinoma from other thyroid lesions that look like it.

Methods: Cross-sectional examination of 60 thyroid lesions from April 2022 to November 2023 in AL-Hilla Teaching Hospital, AL-Sadiq Teaching Hospital, and private laboratories discovered immunoexpression of CK19 and CD56. Patients' charts and correlations were investigated.

Results: p<0.001 indicates that CK19 was highly expressed in 100% of the PTC group and considerably negative in the non-neoplastic thyroid nodule group. PTC cases showed significantly (p<0.05) increased CD56 expression levels. Comparing thyroid hyperplastic diseases to papillary cancer, CK19 was the most specific marker and CD56 the most sensitive. Combining markers improved diagnosis accuracy. In papillary thyroid carcinoma staining, CD56 exhibited 100% specificity and sensitivity, whereas CK 19 had 100%.

Conclusion: In dubious situations, immunohistochemistry using CK19 and CD56 markers can diagnose papillary thyroid carcinoma and other follicular lesions electively.